Vitex Negundo

Botanical Name: Vitex negundo Linn

Family: Verbenaceae

Introduction:

This leaves of nirgundi used for rubbing diseased part in leprosy. It classified under anusastra

Names in different Indian languages

Hindi	Samhalu
Telugu	Vavili, tellavalli
Tamil	Nirkundi, nallanocci
English	Five-leaved chaste
Bengali	Nishinda
Kanada	Niragundi, nekka, lakkagida
Malayalam	karunocci
Sanskrit	Nirgundi
Unani	Sambhaalu, Fanjankisht

Synonyms

Shephaalikaa, Sindhuka, Sindhuvaara, Suvahaa, Sugandhikaa. Nila, Nilanirgundi, Shveta nirgundi , Sinduvaara,

Classification according to Charaka, Susrutha & Vagbhata

Charaka	Visaghna, Krmighna
Susrutha	Surasadi
Vagbhata	Surasadi

Varieties & adulterants – (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants)

1. V. trifolia

2. V.agnus – castus

3. V. peduncularis

Classical classification

1. Susruta— 2 types svetapuspa & Nila puspa.

2. Dalhana— 2 types Nirgundi & Sinduvara.

3. Dhanvantari Nighantu— 2 types sveta & Nila.

4. Bhãvamira— 2 types svetapupa (Sinduvara) & Nilapuspi

(Nirgundi)

5. Kaiyadeva— 3 types Nirguidi, Sinduvãra & Sephãlika

6. Sodhala— 2 types Sindüvãra (white) & Sephãlikã (blue)

7. Rãja Narahari— 3 types Sinduvãra, Nilanirgundi & Sephalikã.

8. Nighantu Ratnãkara— 2 types Kartari Nirguidi & Aranya Nirgundi.

Kaiyadeva separately indicated the properties of Nirgundi flowers viz., Pliharoga, Gulma, Kustha, sopha etc. He described its oil for Vranaodhana.

Morphology

A shrub or a small tree of about 3m height and underside of leaves pubescent.

Leaves—Tri or penta-foliolate; leaflets lanceolate, middle one will be longer, entire or crenate, glabrate, dark above and pale be- heath.

Flowers— in lateral cymes, small, bluish purple upto 30 cm long.

Fruits— globose and black when ripe.

Seeds— obovate or oblong.

Flowering and fruiting between March-August

Distribution & Habitat

All over India

Chemical constituents:

casticin , glucosides, luteolin-7-glucoside, vitricine, beta sitosterol, camphene, beta pinenes, angoside, aucubin

Properties:

Rasa Katu, Tikta

Guna Laghu, Ruksa

Virya Usna

Vipaka Katu

Karma – Vata-Kaphahara, Caksusya, Kesya, Krmi, Vranaropana, vishahara

Digestive, stomachic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, expectorant, carminative

Toxicity Studies

1. oil produces burning sensation and urticaria of used in excessive doses.

Srotogamitva:

Dosha Vatashleshmaghna.

Dhatu : Rakta (skin disorders, pruritus, splenomegaly), meda (leucorrhoea), asthi (infected wounds. Apache, toothache).

Mala : Hair (hair tonic), purisha (parasites).

Organs : Eye, respiratory system, uterus, pelvis.

Indication:

sula, sotha,vata roga, Amavãta, Krmi, Kustha, Aruci, Vrana, Grdhrasi, Snãyuka, Visarpa, Netra roga, Sãtikã roga, Visa roga, Gandamala

fever, spermatorrhoea, hair loss, cervical spondylosis, .A. , lumbago, cerpain, tuberculosis, leucoderma, cephalgia, memory lose, neural disoeder, skin diseases.

Part used:

Leaves, root, seeds, bark

Tree with serrated leaf type is preferable.

Dosage:

Leaf juice 10-15 ml

Powder 2-4 g

Decoction 50-100 ml

External uses Best analgesic. anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cleaning and healing wounds. hair tonic. Heated nirgundi leaves are tied over the affected part (or poultice) in headache. scrotal swelling. Sinusitis, arthritic pain and rheumatic arthritis. Decoction prepared from leaves is used for tub bath in endometritis, colitis in these conditions it reduces the obstruction of blood and amakapha, increases perspiration. reduces oedema and also relieves pain. Gargles with decoction of leaves is useful in phatyngitis, stomatitis, difficulty in deglutition and inflammation. Smoke of leaves is useful in headache, sinusitis and common cold. Nirgundi oil is best in wounds for cleaning, anti-infective and to remove foul smell. Oil is also useful in baldness. Nirgundi is also called a upanaha vriksha.

Internal uses

Nervous system It is an analgesic, brain tonic and alleviates vata, therefore useful in headache. sciatica, rheumatic arthritis. synovitis, improves memory

Digestive system Since it has tikta, katu and ushna properties it improves appetite and digestion. It is useful in loss of appetite, anorexia. amadosha, hepatitis and is anthelmintic.

Circulatory system : White flowered nirgundi is used in oedema induced by kaphavata. As it acts on the raktadhatu and alleviates vata and kapha. it is used in inflammatory conditions of liver and spleen. Mixture of leaf juice and cow’s urine is an effective remedy for ascites, Nirgundi is useful in all inflammatory conditions,

Respiratory system : By removing kapha from respiratory passage, it improves ventilation therefore used in kapha kasa, asthma, pneumonia and pleurisy.

Urinary system : Diuretic, hence useful in dysuria and anuria. In gonorrhoeal infection it helps in passing urine smoothly.

Reproductive system : It improves menstrual flow therefore used in dysmenorrhoea and obstetric conditions.

Skin : Valuable medicine in skin diseases; urticaria and eruptions.

Temperature : It helps in digestion of ama, thus reducing fever. It is used as an anupan or a main drug in typhoid and malaria fever.

Medovahasrotas : Decoction is used as a nasya in cervical lymythadenopathy and topical application at leaves also helps.

Eyes – Leaf juice is installed in conjunctivitis, Surma is prepared from seeds.

Ears – Nirgudi oil is useful (leaves + oil) in reducing pain, oozing, inflammation and fungal infection of ear.

Satmikaran : Every part of the body is stimulated, therefore it acts as a rasayan in body. The combination of sheelajit + nirgudi is best rasayan.

Antidote – Latex of Acacia arabica.

Due to strong (pungent) odour, it is used as a mosquito and bed bug repellent. Also prevents insect growth in stored food grains (insecticidal). A parasitic plant grows on nirgundi in rainy season which is useful in mahakushtha. Also effective in guneaworm infestation.

Important Yogas or Formations:

Nirgudikalpa, Nirguditail, Nirgudighrit. In large doses it vitiates pitta and therefore causes pitta disorders. Nirgundi taila, Nirgundi Kalpa.

Therapeutic Uses:

(1) Vãtavyãdhi— Nirgundi root powder shall be given with oil as Anupãna (R.R.S.).

(2) Kãsa,svãsa – Decoction prepared with Nirgundi, Gudüci, Haritaki and Marica (equal parts) is given with salt .

(3) Gandamãla— Nirgundi root is pounded with water and given as Nasya (V.M.).